Yep, still Junior and Senior Brecon for Army NCO courses.
What sort of courses you do will depend at least in part on your trade. Basic training is just that - basic. Once you're in, from the outset you will be looking at courses to advance your career. Could be anything from an infantryman doing mortars or anti-tank courses, to a signaller going to learn satcom, to a driver doing conversions onto different vehicles. Then of course there's your promotion courses on top of that. Basically, any skills your superiors feel you should have, they can send you on a course for. You can apply for various courses as well, and if there's places and there's no major commitments at work you may get released to attend them (if your hierarchy's alright anyhow).
Don't be under the impression you'll suddenly jet off all over the world doing all sorts of gucci stuff. You won't. This will happen occasionally - adventurous training packages are the usual excuse for civvy-orientated stuff like diving, climbing or freefalling - but not year in year out.
Desert training - well, everyone does this now as preparation for ops. If you're lucky you may get to go to the States or Oman for proper desert packages, otherwise it may just be practiced in the UK (oh the joys of Salisbury Plain

).
Arctic - I'm not sure how much of this exists in the Army, the Corps is the UK's arctic specialists and run Norway training most years; unless you're attatched to 3 Cdo Bde you may never do this (I stand by to be corrected).
Jungle - as infantry, good chance at some point you'll get to do this. Again though, be prepared to wait a few years - it's not an annual thing.
Wilderness survival - you will as an infantryman (I'm assuming you're going for infantry because of your handle) get some basic survival skills taught, but you won't become Ray Mears.
The vast majority of these courses will not hold any equivalent value in civvy street. You're not going to score any brownie points with prospective employers for being able to use a mortar. If it's a CV you're after, you need to keep an eye out for courses that do carry a civvy qual, although as an infantryman your choices may be fairly limited - there's far more in specialist trades. If you are one of the lucky few to manage to bag a CP course off the MoD, you're laughing - although majority of these go to RMPs. Of course there's nothing to stop you studying more academic subjects through the Education Centre if that's your thing.
Hope that helps a little.